This is a PS code to get the current Windows OS build version. It is based on (“https://smsagent.blog/2017/05/18/find-the-full-windows-build-number-with-powershell/”)

—

Function Get-WindowsVersion{

[CmdletBinding()]

Param
(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$false,
                ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$true,
                ValueFromPipeline=$true
                )]
    [string[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
)

Begin
{
    $Table = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
    $Table.Columns.AddRange(@("ComputerName","Windows Edition","Version","OS Build"))
}
Process
{
    Foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName)
    {
        $Code = {
            $ProductName = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion' –Name ProductName).ProductName
            Try
            {
                $Version = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion' –Name ReleaseID –ErrorAction Stop).ReleaseID
            }
            Catch
            {
                $Version = "N/A"
            }
            $CurrentBuild = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion' –Name CurrentBuild).CurrentBuild
            $UBR = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion' –Name UBR).UBR
            $OSVersion = $CurrentBuild + "." + $UBR


           # Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem to list Build number in the machine
            $getOS = gcim Win32_OperatingSystem 
            # Assign the initial value for this variable
            $currentOSVersion = "Unknown OS"
            # Check Build number is corresponding with Windows 10 and Windows Server OS edition.
            # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/release-information 
            # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info

             Switch -WildCard ($getOS.BuildNumber){
            # if BuildNumber is 19043, Windows version is Windows 10 21H1 and so on.
            '*19043*'{$currentOSVersion = "21H1"}
            '*19042*'{$currentOSVersion = "20H2"}
            '*19041*'{$currentOSVersion = "2004"}
            '*18363*'{$currentOSVersion = "1909"}
            '*18362*'{$currentOSVersion = "1903"}
            '*17763*'{$currentOSVersion = "1809"}

            # if BuildNumber is 14393, Windows version is Windows Server 2016 version 1067 and so on.
            '*14393*'{$currentOSVersion = "1607"}
            '*17763.107*'{$currentOSVersion = "1809"}
            '*18363.418*'{$currentOSVersion = "1909"}
            '*19041.264*'{$currentOSVersion = "2004"}
            '*19042.508*'{$currentOSVersion = "20H2"}
            '*20348.169*'{$currentOSVersion = "2022"}
            }

            $TempTable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
            $TempTable.Columns.AddRange(@("ComputerName","Windows Edition","Version","OS Build"))
            [void]$TempTable.Rows.Add($env:COMPUTERNAME,$ProductName,$currentOSVersion,$OSVersion)
        
            Return $TempTable
        }

        If ($Computer -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME)
        {
            $Result = Invoke-Command –ScriptBlock $Code
            [void]$Table.Rows.Add($Result.Computername,$Result.'Windows Edition',$Result.Version,$Result.'OS Build')
        }
        Else
        {
            Try
            {
                $Result = Invoke-Command –ComputerName $Computer –ScriptBlock $Code –ErrorAction Stop
                [void]$Table.Rows.Add($Result.Computername,$Result.'Windows Edition',$Result.Version,$Result.'OS Build')
            }
            Catch
            {
                $_
            }
        }

    }

}
End

{
    Return $Table
}
}

—

Run the command.

PS C:\shared\ Get-MyWindowsVersion

Query all Windows 10 domain-joined on Active Directory.

(Get-ADComputer -filter {OperatingSystem -Like '*Windows 10*'})

Query all Windows Server 2016 domain-joined on Active Directory.

Get-ADComputer -filter {OperatingSystem -Like '*Windows Server*'}

A script to detect Windows 10 OS’s current patch version if the machine is online.

$filename = (Get-Date).tostring("dd-MM-yyyy-hh-mm")
# Query Windows 10 domain-joined on Active Directory
$computername = (Get-ADComputer -filter {OperatingSystem -Like '*Windows 10*'}).name
foreach($computer in $computername){
    $ping_result = Test-Connection -ComputerName $computer -Count 1 -Quiet
        if($ping_result){
        get-windowsversion -computer $computer
#        | Select-Object -Property ComputerName,  'Windows Edition', Version, 'OS build' |
#        Sort-Object 'OS build' | export-csv -NoTypeInformation -Append "$filename.csv"
        }
        else{
            Write-Host "Host ICMP: failure"
        }
    }

Save the output to csv file

# Get date when running the script
$filename = (Get-Date).tostring("dd-MM-yyyy-hh-mm")
# Query Windows 10 domain-joined on Active Directory
$computername = (Get-ADComputer -filter {OperatingSystem -Like '*Windows 10*'}).name
foreach($computer in $computername){
        # the machine is offline if the script is not ablt to get any echo reply from sending 3 echo requests
        $ping_result = Test-Connection -ComputerName $computer -Count 3 -Quiet
        # if the machine is online
        if($ping_result){
        # get Windows 10 current patch information and append the result yo csv file
            get-windowsversion -computer $computer | 
            Select-Object -Property ComputerName,  'Windows Edition', Version, 'OS build' |
            Sort-Object 'OS build' | export-csv -NoTypeInformation -Append "$filename.csv"
        }
#        else{
#            Write-Host "Host ICMP: failure"
#        }
}